The Evolving Doughnut

The Doughnut of social and planetary boundaries is a conceptual framework that proposes a goal for a thriving 21st century: meet the needs of all people within the means of the living planet. Since its first version in 2012 it has kept evolving–in its dimensions, indicators and visualisation–and will continue to do so.

The Evolving Doughnut report

This report by Kate Raworth sets out where inspiration for the framework came from, and how and why it has evolved over its first three iterations. Following this, the paper presents tables showing the dimensions, indicators and data used for each of those three versions.

Download a PDF version of the report below. 

Suggested citation:

Raworth, K (2025), The Evolving Doughnut. Doughnut Economics Action Lab, Oxford. https://doi.org/10.64981/XGRX2738

The latest Doughnut diagrams

The 2025 iteration of the Doughnut makes three core changes compared to the previous 2017 version. It updates the dimensions and indicators. It tracks outcomes from 2000 to 2022, and will keep updating annually. And it disaggregates the global results into three country-clusters (poorest-40%, middle-40%, and richest-20% of countries). As a result, there are new Doughnut diagrams available.

Download five Doughnut diagrams from the 2025 iteration below.

The diagrams were co-designed with Ruurd Priester and are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, with the following attributions:

'Conceptual Doughnut' and 'Classic Doughnut' (conceptual diagrams) citation: 

Raworth, K (2025). The Evolving Doughnut, Doughnut Economics Action Lab, Oxford. https://doi.org/10.64981/XGRX2738 

 
'Quantified Doughnut', 'Unrolled Doughnut', and 'Country-cluster Doughnuts' (quantified diagrams) citation:

Fanning, AL and Raworth, K (2025). Doughnut of Social and Planetary Boundaries monitors a world out of balance, Nature (in press). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09385-1