
The Evolving Doughnut
A report by Kate Raworth on the Doughnut's evolution since 2012, with the latest Doughnut diagrams available to download

The Doughnut of social and planetary boundaries is a conceptual framework that proposes a goal for a thriving 21st century: meet the needs of all people within the means of the living planet. Since its first version in 2012 it has kept evolving–in its dimensions, indicators and visualisation–and will continue to do so.
The Evolving Doughnut report
This report by Kate Raworth sets out where inspiration for the framework came from, and how and why it has evolved over its first three iterations. Following this, the paper presents tables showing the dimensions, indicators and data used for each of those three versions.
Download a PDF version of the report below.
Suggested citation:
Raworth, K (2025), The Evolving Doughnut. Doughnut Economics Action Lab, Oxford. https://doi.org/10.64981/XGRX2738
The latest Doughnut diagrams
The 2025 iteration of the Doughnut makes three core changes compared to the previous 2017 version. It updates the dimensions and indicators. It tracks outcomes from 2000 to 2022, and will keep updating annually. And it disaggregates the global results into three country-clusters (poorest-40%, middle-40%, and richest-20% of countries). As a result, there are new Doughnut diagrams available.
Download five Doughnut diagrams from the 2025 iteration below.
The diagrams were co-designed with Ruurd Priester and are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, with the following attributions:
'Conceptual Doughnut' and 'Classic Doughnut' (conceptual diagrams) citation:
Raworth, K (2025). The Evolving Doughnut, Doughnut Economics Action Lab, Oxford. https://doi.org/10.64981/XGRX2738
'Quantified Doughnut', 'Unrolled Doughnut', and 'Country-cluster Doughnuts' (quantified diagrams) citation:
Fanning, AL and Raworth, K (2025). Doughnut of Social and Planetary Boundaries monitors a world out of balance, Nature 646(8083): 47-56. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09385-1
For more information about the indicators underpinning these diagrams, see 'What is the Doughnut?' page on DEAL's platform, which offers interactive visualisations to explore all the data.
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Antonios Triantafyllakis
Kraków, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland
I’m a strategic consultant, learning designer, and gamification expert with over 20 years of experience helping organisations drive social and environmental impact through experiential learning. I've had the privilege of working with over 40 organisations and training more than 2,000 individuals across three continents, creating transformative learning experiences that build 21st-century skills. My work bridges gamification with sustainability, equipping purpose-driven organisations to achieve measurable impact through playful and experiential approaches. I’m passionate about fostering a world of equal rights and opportunities where diverse, active citizens work towards an inclusive, innovative, and sustainable future. If you’re a purpose-driven organisation, an educator, or a changemaker seeking to amplify your impact and cultivate future-ready skills, let’s explore how we can make a difference together. I’m ready to collaborate and bring lasting change. Let’s change the world together!
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Carolina Tomaz
Brazil
I'm part of the Donut Brasil network, and together we are experiencing the tools and knowledge of the Doughnut Economics in many projects and in the Latin America and Brazil contexts. I describe myself as a XXI century economist, who adopts systemic and transdisciplinary thinking, and understands the world as a complex socio-ecological system. My goal is to work with regenerative projects for the development of inclusive, intelligent, and sustainable cities and communities. I have been particularly interested in applying the Doughnut economy model for cities, business and organisations. I have experience with projects planning and management, structuration and implementation of new governance models, and group's facilitation collaborative methods to co-create more effective and sustainable solutions for social problems.
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